Ceiling Wall Manual
August 23, 2010 
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Answers to Your Smoke Detector Questions
Why do I need smoke detectors? Most fire deaths happen at night, while people are asleep. This makes early fire detection and warning especially important. Contrary to popular belief, the smell of smoke may not wake a sleeping person. You can be put into a deeper sleep from the poisonous gases and smoke produce by a fire.
Inexpensive household smoke detectors sound an alarm, alerting you to a fire. By giving you time to escape, smoke detectors cut your risk of dying in a home fire nearly in half. Smoke detectors save so many lives that most states have laws requiring them in private homes. Arizona is one of these states.
How many smoke detectors do I need or is required? According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), minimum protection requires a smoke detector outside each sleeping area and on every level of the home, including the basement. On floors without bedrooms, detectors should be installed in or near living areas such as dens, living rooms, or family room.
Be sure everyone sleeping in your home can hear your smoke detectors' alarms even with bedroom doors closed. If not, or if any residents are hearing- impaired, install additional detectors inside bedrooms. For the hearing impaired, there are smoke detectors that flash a strobe light in addition to sounding an audible alarm.
The NFPA suggests installing additional detectors in hallways, dining rooms, utility rooms and furnace rooms for added protection. Smoke detectors are not recommended for kitchens, bathrooms, or garages – where cooking fumes, steam, or attics and other unheated spaces – where humidity and temperature changes might affect a detector's operation.
Choosing a Detector? Hardware, department and discount stores have dozens of brands of smoke detectors for sale. Be sure that the smoke detector you buy bears the label of an independent testing laboratory, such as UL or FM.
Several types of detectors are available. While older models run on batteries or on the household current, today's smoke detectors can use both, but this is usually found in major remodeling or new construction. Some detect smoke using an ionization sensor; others use a photoelectric detection system. All approved smoke detectors, regardless of type, will offer adequate protection provided they are installed and maintained properly.
- Ionization Smoke Detectors- These units detect the fire's visible and invisible smoke particles. The alarm is started when the smoke reduces the electic current in the unit.
- Photoelectric Smoke Detector- These units also detect smoke particles, but only those large enough to be "seen" by the unit. Within the detectors the beam of light's path is blocked by the smoke.
Either type of smoke detector can provide your family with an early warning of fire.
Some units include ionization and photoelectric detection along with the smoke detector. These should improve detector reliability by reducing false alarms.
Why do I get false alarms? Several things cause a smoke detector to have a false alarm: placement too close to flourescent lighting fixtures, smoke from cooking, temperature extreames, or dust. These may be present in garages, kitchens and attics. Fresh paint fumes can get heavy enough to cause a false alarm, so air out freshly painted rooms. Steam from bathrooms can also cause a false alarm.
Where do I install smoke detectors? Because smoke rises, mount detectors high on a wall or on the ceiling. Wall-mounted units should be hung 6 to 12 inches from the ceiling. A ceiling-mounted detector should be attached at least 6 inches from the nearest wall. In rooms with pitched ceilings, mount the detector at or near the ceilings highest point. Do not place detectors within 6 inches of where the wall and ceiling meet, on either surface. This is a "dead air" space that gets little air circulation. Instructions for installation and placement should accompany the unit. Follow these instructions precisely.
How do I test the smoke detector? To enable all functions of a smoke detector to be checked, each smoke detector is required to have a test button on them. Most smoke detectors have test buttons, if yours does not then you should replace it with a model that does. Every 30 days this test should be done.
When do I replace the smoke detector battery? Since batteries weaken with age, they must be checked and replace at regular intervals (usually every 9-12 months). Battery power units that are listed by UL or FM will generate a beeping sound (usually at night when you trying to sleep) to indicate when the batteries need to be replaced. Remember having a detector with dead batteries is the same as having no detector at all. Some of the newer smoke detectors have come with batteries than can power them for up to ten years.
When do I replace the Smoke detector? Studies show that untested smoke detectors lose about half of their dependability after a 5 to 7 year period. Smoke detectors should be replaced about 8 to 10 years. Read the manufacturers instructions as they usually have recommendations.
Do I clean my smoke detector? Yes! – Dust can damage your detector's sensitivity. Use your vacuum once a year to clear out the dust from your detector. The manufacturers instrucion manual should be read.
When the Detector Sounds!!
How your family responds in a fire depends on how well you've prepared.
- Everyone should be familiar with the sound of the detector's alarm.
- Plan routes of escape. Know at least two ways out of each room. Agree on a meeting place outside your home where all residents will gather after they escape.
- Practice your escape plan at least twice a year, and teach every member of your household these survival techniques.
- Crawl Low Under Smoke. To exit from a smoke filled area, crawl on your hands and knees to the nearest safe exit. Poisonous gases and smoke rise. Keep your head 12 to 24 inches above floor.
- Stop, Drop, and Roll. If your clothes catch fire, stop, don't run. Drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll over and over to smother the flames.
- Exit the building immediately and go to your meeting place when an alarm sounds. Then call the fire department from a neighbor's phone.
- Once you're out, stay out. Stay out of burning buildings.
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